What is the best mixing technique?

Answer

Mixing will add time to your workflow but is necessary if multiple transfers are required to one target. It is possible to mix only when the final transfer to that target is dispensed.

A good mix is essential, especially in serial dilution, as any inconsistencies in concentration will be propagated through any subsequent liquid transfers. The manual swirling action relied on is not an option any more. The advice is for the mix volume to be 80% of the total volume and to use as high a dispense flow rate as possible without causing foam. If possible, try to use a U or V-shaped base as this will make the mix more effective; the curved sides will guide the liquid movement and reduce the dead (unmixed) volume.

A figure demonstrating how the U-shaped well reduces the amount of dead volume (marked in pink) compared to the flat bottomed well. The shape guides the liquid flow up the sides of the wall creating a small vortex in the U-shape.

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